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Vermont Nongame and Natural Heritage Program and The Nature Conservancy
Thompson and Sorenson, 2000. Wetland, Woodland, Wildland: A Guide to the
Natural Communities of Vermont
UPLAND NATURAL COMMUNITIES
UPLAND FORESTS AND WOODLANDS
Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood Forest Formation: Forests of Vermont's Cooler Climate Areas
1. Subalpine Krummholz
2. Montane Spruce-Fir Forest
2a. Variant: Montane Fir Forest
2b. Variant: Montane Spruce Forest
3. Lowland Spruce-Fir Forest
3a. Variant: Lowland Spruce-Fir Forest, well drained phase
4. Montane Yellow Birch-Red Spruce Forest
4a. Variant: Montane Yellow Birch-Sugar Maple-Red Spruce Forest
5. Red Spruce-Northern Hardwood Forest
6. Boreal Talus Woodland
7. Cold-Air Talus Woodland
Northern Hardwood Forest Formation: Forests of Widespread Distribution in Vermont's Moderate Climate Areas
8. Northern Hardwood Forest
8a. Variant: Beech-Red Maple-Hemlock Northern Hardwood Forest
8b. Variant: Sugar Maple-White Ash-Jack-in-the-pulpit Northern Hardwood Forest
8c. Variant: Yellow Birch-Northern Hardwood Forest
8d. Variant: White Pine-Northern Hardwood Forest
9. Rich Northern Hardwood Forest
9a. Variant: Northern Hardwood Limestone Forest
10. Mesic Red Oak-Northern Hardwood Forest
11. Hemlock Forest
11a. Variant: Hemlock-Red Spurce Forest
12. Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest
12a. Variant: Hemlock-White Pine-Northern Hardwood Forest
12b. Variant: Yellow Birch-Hemlock Forest
13. Northern Hardwood Talus Woodland
Oak-Pine-Northern Hardwood Forest Formation: Forests of Vermont's Warmer Climate Areas
14. Red Pine Forest or Woodland
15. Pitch Pine-Oak-Heath Rocky Summit
16. Limestone Bluff Cedar-Pine Forest
17. Red Cedar Woodland
18. Dry Oak Woodland
19. Dry Oak Forest
20. Dry Oak-Hickory-Hophornbeam Forest
20a. Variant: Sugar Maple-Hophornbeam Forest
21. Mesic Maple-Ash-Hickory-Oak Forest
21a. Variant: Transition Hardwoods Limestone Forest
22. Valley Clayplain Forest
22a. Variant: Wet Clayplain Forest
23. White Pine-Red Oak-Black Oak Forest
24. Pine-Oak-Heath Sandplain Forest
25. Transition Hardwood Talus Woodland
25a. Variant: Transition Hardwood Limestone Talus Woodland
OPEN UPLAND COMMUNITIES
Upland Shores
26. Riverside Outcrop
27. Erosional River Bluff
28. Lake Shale or Cobble Beach
29. Lake Sand Beach
30. Sand Dune
Outcrops and Upland Meadows
31. Alpine Meadow
32. Boreal Outcrop
33. Serpentine Outcrop
34. Temperate Acidic Outcrop
35. Temperate Calcareous Outcrop
Cliffs and Talus
36. Boreal Acidic Cliff
37. Boreal Calcareous Cliff
38. Temperate Acidic Cliff
39. Temperate Calcareous Cliff
40. Open Talus
40a. Variant: Shale Talus
WETLAND NATURAL COMMUNITIES
FORESTED WETLANDS
Floodplain Forests
41. Silver Maple-Ostrich Fern Riverine Floodplain Forest
41a. Variant: Northern Conifer Floodplain Forest
41b. Variant: Successional Floodplain Forest
42. Silver Maple-Sensitive Fern Riverine Floodplain Forest
43. Sugar Maple-Ostrich Fern Riverine Floodplain Forest
44. Lakeside Floodplain Forest
Hardwood Swamps
45. Red Maple-Black Ash Swamp
46. Red or Silver Maple-Green Ash Swamp
47. Calcareous Red Maple-Tamarack Swamp
48. Red Maple-Black Gum Swamp
49. Red Maple-Northern White Cedar Swamp
50. Red Maple-White Pine-Huckleberry Swamp
Softwood Swamps
51. Northern White Cedar Swamp
51a. Variant: Northern White Cedar Sloping Seepage Forest
51b. Variant: Boreal Acidic Northern White Cedar Swamp
51c. Variant: Hemlock-Northern White Cedar Swamp
52. Spruce-Fir Tamarack Swamp
52a. Variant: Red Spruce-Hardwood Swamp
53. Black Spruce Swamp
54. Hemlock Swamp
54a. Variant: Hemlock-Hardwood Swamp
Seeps and Vernal Pools
55. Seep
56. Vernal Pool
OPEN AND SHRUB WETLANDS
Peatlands
57. Dwarf Shrub Bog
58. Black Spruce Woodland Bog
59. Pitch Pine Woodland Bog
60. Alpine Peatland
61. Poor Fen
62. Intermediate Fen
63. Rich Fen
Marshes and Sedge Meadows
64. Shallow Emergent Marsh
65. Sedge Meadow
66. Cattail Marsh
67. Deep Broadleaf Marsh
68. Wild Rice Marsh
69. Deep Bulrush Marsh
Wet Shores
70. Outwash Plain Pondshore
71. River Mud Shore
72. River Sand or Gravel Shore
73. River Cobble Shore
74. Calcareous Riverside Seep
75. Rivershore Grassland
76. Lakeshore Grassland
Shrub Swamps
77. Alluvial Shrub Swamp
78. Alder Swamp
79. Sweet Gale Shoreline Swamp
80. Buttonbush Swamp
80a. Variant: Buttonbush Basin Swamp
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